Figure 1 Study theoretical framework.

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Figure 2 Hong Kong, urban core waterfront functional zones (Source: HKSAR Harbourfront Commission)

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Figure 3 monthly visits to different open space type within walking distance from home (Source: Lai, 2018)

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Figure 4 Aerial view of the three-case study areas. (Source: Google aerial, 2022)

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Figure 5 Usage Frequency of Seafront or Riverfront Promenades by district; Source: (Lai, 2018)

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Figure 6 Satisfaction with the quantity of Open Space by districts (Source: Lai, 2018)

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Figure 7 Project Area Inventory 2022. Source: LandsD 2022.

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Figure 8 Sheung Wan; Quarry Bay; Kwun Tong Waterfront promenade street layout and aerial views.(Source: LandsD and Google aerial 2022)

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Figure 8 Sheung Wan; Quarry Bay; Kwun Tong Waterfront promenade street layout and aerial views.(Source: LandsD and Google aerial 2022)

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Figure 10 Aerial view of Quarry Bay waterfront promenade (Source: Google view)

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Figure 11 The view standing on Kwun Tong waterfront promenade (Source: Google view)

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Figure 12 Case Studies: Existing Metro Line and MTR stations.

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Figure 13 Kwun Tong Waterfront Area - Park and green open space

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Figure 14 Sheung Wan Waterfront Area - Park and green open space

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Figure 15 Quarry Bay Waterfront Area - Park and green open space

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Figure 16 Sheung Wan OZP (Source: OZP, HKSAR, 2022, https://www2.ozp.tpb.gov.hk)

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Figure 17 Quarry Bay OZP

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Figure 19: Kwun Tong OZP

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Figure 20 Sheung Wan Waterfront Promenade access point – MTR egress

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Figure 21 Quarry Bay Waterfront Promenade access point – MTR egress

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Figure 22 Kwun Tong Waterfront Promenade access point – MTR egress

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Figure 23 Sheung Wan network betweenness within 150m

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Figure 24 Sheung Wan network betweenness within 300m

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Figure 25 Sheung Wan network betweenness within 450m

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Figure 26 Sheung Wan Buildings 150m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 27 Sheung Wan Building 300m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 28 Sheung Wan Building 450m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 29 Sheung Wan POI 150m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 30 Sheung Wan POI 300m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 31 Sheung Wan POI 450m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 32 Quarry Bay Waterfront Area Betweenness within 150m

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Figure 33 Quarry Bay Waterfront Area Betweenness within 300m

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Figure 34 Quarry Bay Waterfront Area Betweenness within 450m

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Figure 35 Quarry Bay Buildings 150m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 36 Quarry Bay Buildings 300m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 37 Quarry Bay Buildings 450m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 38 Quarry Bay POI 150m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 39 Quarry Bay POI 300m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 40 Quarry Bay POI 450m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 41 Kwun Tong Waterfront Area Betweenness within 150m

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Figure 42 Kwun Tong Waterfront Area Betweenness within 300m

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Figure 43 Kwun Tong Waterfront Area Betweenness within 450m

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Figure 44 Kwun Tong Buildings 150m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 45 Kwun Tong Buildings 300m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 46 Kwun Tong Buildings 450m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 47 Kwun Tong POI 150m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 48 Kwun Tong POI 300m around the waterfront entrance

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Figure 49 Kwun Tong POI 450m around the waterfront entrance

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Table 1 Urban vitality proxies

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Table 2 Input datasets required for the study

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Table 3 Accessibility configuration measures

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Table 4 Criteria related to the built environment and infrastructure [adapted from Sharifi (2016)]

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Table 5 Ranking of POS accessibility for each district. (Source: Lai, 2018).